Xenergy ceo addresses industry on htgr reactor advancement. The iaea coordinated research program on htgr reactor. The continued development of high temperature gas cooled reactors htgrs requires validation and verification of htgr design and safety models and codes, and the predictive capability of coupled neutronicsthermalhydraulics and depletion simulations for reactor design and safety analysis can be assessed with sensitivity analysis sa and. Nuclear reactor which can produce high temperature gas without any core meltdown accidents.
Xenergy hiring source term analyst nuclear htgr in. Development of the a high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, a concept with more than three decades of history behind it, in 2016 has had several new breakout milestones in china and the u. Status of high temperature gascooled reactor technology. The chemical reactor design tool crdt is a set of computer programs that solves the equations describing common chemical reactor models. Preliminary design work was performed on this modular htgrnpr, but the plant, originally expected to start in 1998, was never built hoffman and mears 1991. The nrc refers to light water reactor lwr designs generating 300 mwe or less as small modular reactors smrs. We also find out how fast crops can grow with just some extra water and find out what. A comprehensive and thorough safety assessment is also mandatory to ensure the. Htgr technology course for the nuclear ct rl i iregulatory. Since i founded xenergy in 2009 our goal has been to be the world leader in htgr. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of a pebble bed htgr.
Investigating high temperature gascooled reactors for. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. The parts of this setup match up nicely, everything is almost at full capacity with the turbines running at about 97%. Thibault 200102 the proii process simulation program performs rigorous mass and energy balances for a range of chemical processes from oilgas separation to reactive distillation. Study on 3d pore characteristics of carbon materials in htgr.
The nrc has received a design certification application from one of these vendors, nuscale power, llc. The editors welcome papers both on applied and innovative aspects and developments in nuclear science and technology. High temperature gas cooled test reactor point design. I just feel like the work isnt worth the payout anymore. In order to accomplish this objective a benchmark platform for uncertainty analysis in bestestimate coupled code calculations for design and safety analysis of htgrs will be defined and utilized.
It is expected that these criteria would refer to light water reactor safety standards e. The htgr design was first proposed by the staff of the power pile division of the clinton laboratories known now as oak ridge national laboratory in 1947. Modular high temperature gas reactor russia general atomics design 290 mwe prismatic core excess weapons plutonium burner in design phase in russia direct cycle start of construction depends on us gov funding maybe never. Department of energy esa electrical signature analysis fp fission products ga general atomics grsac graphite reactor severe accident code htgr hightemperature gascooled reactor. Modular high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr is considered as a kind of catastrophe free nuclear reactor and because of its meltdownimmune feature, the practical elimination of large radioactive release from nuclear power plants becomes reliable with this technology. Reactor design and performance optimization studsvik. High temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials.
High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr training materials. The plant receives syngas via pipeline from a htgrreforming plant. Many tons of porous carbon materials including bc and ig110 are contained in htgr, which are serving as structural material and fuel matrix material. These results are preliminary and should be refined as the design of the htgr progresses, if the design of the htgr is changed. The crp will investigate and make proposals on modular high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr safety design criteria. Modular high temperature gas cooled reactor safety design. In addition, in order to avoid using abaquss graphical user interface gui for mesh generation of complex geometry such as htgr fuel bricks with fuel pin holes, we are using geometry mesh generated by the reactor geometry generator rgg toolkit developed at argonne. Htrproteus pebble bed experimental program, nuclear. Experts voice safety concerns about new pebblebed nuclear. Nuclear power currently only supports electricity generation. Design parameters in an annular, prismatic htgr for passive. Gas energy multiplier module em 2 is an advanced small modular reactor smr that addresses four of the most challenging problems facing nuclear energy.
The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. Develop and implement verification, validation and uncertainty quantification vvuq plans for codes and models for nuclear reactor design and analysis with respect to source term generation. Evaluation and testing of htgr reactor building response. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. We studied the capability of an annular, prismatic htgr to remove decay heat passively. The republic of kazakhstan issued development program of nuclear. Gas cooled reactors htgrs requires verification of htgr design and safety features with. The observation would be important for the engineering design of various types of graphite reactors. In a batch reactor, the reagents are added together and allowed to react for a given amount of time. We have conducted extensive experimental and computational studies of the thermalhydraulic behavior of the system and of specific components.
Modular htgr safety analysis and licensing challenges. Of course, most of these requirements are also present for a generic fission reactor, but those generate a heap more power. The meeting was hosted by the electric power research institute, and was convened by the iaea on the recommendation of its international working group on gas cooled. The service handler then demultiplexes the incoming requests and dispatches them synchronously to the associated request handlers.
The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Design of the turbomachine is a key element in the overall power plant program effort, which is currently directed toward the selection of a reference htgrgt commercial plant configuration for the us utility market. Calculate the range of fission products that are important to source term calculation. The core is supported by a graphite support structure and is tightened. Another design, developed in germany, uses uranium oxide fuel which is sealed. During accident conditions depressurized loss of forced cooling, dlofc air may enter into the reactor pressure vessel as a result of a break in the helium pressure boundary, which can ultimately result in oxidation of the nucleargrade graphite components. By this short paper, it is shown that the graphitization degree of nuclear graphite has a considerable influence on htgr reactor physics calculation. The htgr source term analyst is responsible for calculating the production, transport and the prevention of release of fission products out of the reactor fuel and the overall plant. The platform is convenient for understanding both the reactor core and the power conversion system. Develop and validate fission product release models and software. Msrs offer multiple advantages over conventional nuclear power plants, although for historical reasons they have not been deployed the concept was first established in the 1950s.
High temperature reactor china 10 mwth 4 mwe electric pebble bed. Reactor design and performance optimization studsvik scandpower sets the industry standard for incore fuel performance software with unparalleled accuracy. The nrc has engaged in varying degrees of preapplication activities with several smr designers over the past several years. Today, as the nuclear industry faces unprecedented challenges to its future, ga is helping develop the next generation of advanced reactors. In the us, general atomics used the htgr technology from the early htgr plants to design several large, 2000 3000 mwt, htgr plants and orders were received from us electric utilities for 10 of these large htgr plants. Htgr core thermal design methods and analysis technical. This summary report updates conceptual designs and cost estimates for monolithic high temperature gascooled reactor htgr plants used as a source of process heat.
Comparative study on htgr design for passive decay heat. Arevas 625 mwt steam cycle high temperature gascooled reactor schtgr has been selected by the next generation nuclear plant ngnp industry alliance as the reactor design concept of choice to provide high temperature process steam for industrial applications. Design of the reactor is no routine matter, and many alternatives can be proposed for a process. There are various iterations on this concept, most notably the vhtr very high temperature reactor, an iaea proposed generation iv design, the pebble bed reactor or the httr in all cases they share a number of common characteristics, so i shall group them under the umbrella of high temperature gas reactors htgrs. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. The kaec officially approved the nuclear hydrogen program in 2008, the. Htgr is a nuclear reactor which deploy helium gas for its coolant, ceramic materials, mainly graphite, for its core structure, and able to supply nuclear heat outside. Study on 3d pore characteristics of carbon materials in. In 2005, the us passed the energy policy act of 2005 mandating the construction and operation of a hightemperature gas reactor htgr by 2021. The reactor achieved initial criticality in 1998 with full power.
It is important to ensure that the equipment specified will be capable of achieving the desired yields and selectivity. The technical committee meeting tcm on gas turbine power conversion systems for modular htgrs was held 1416 november 2000 in palo alto, california, united states of america. High temperature gas reactors briefing to by andrew c. Nov 11, 2011 to determine the uncertainty in htgr calculations at all stages of coupled reactor physicsthermal hydraulics and depletion calculations. Dba design basis accident dlofc depressurized lossofforced circulation docxo double oven controlled crystal oscillator doe u. Design features include a prestressed concrete reactor vessel and a more advanced form of the coated fuel particle design, known as triso. Sink has served on the vhtr system steering committee since 2008, and. One design may have low reactor cost, but the materials leaving the unit. Methanation plant design for htgr process heat this report describes a 40 mwsub t methanation plant for generating process heat in the form of steam for industrial application. Bapeten holds iaea national workshop on design and safety.
Turbomachinery design considerations for the nuclear htgrgt. A conservative design approach has been emphasized to provide maximum safety and durability. It was selected as the reactor design concept to provide. Assessment of high temperature gascooled reactor htgr. Ansys engineering simulation for reactor design including cfd for chemical reactor design, structural and thermal analysis and instrumentation and control software used for design and analysis of chemical reactors enable reaction engineers to answer whatif questions as they design and enhance reactors performance, energy usage, reactor yield. Modular high temperature gas reactor russia general atomics design 290 mwe prismatic core.
Commercial gas cooled reactors are currently in use only in the united kingdom. This law was passed after a multiyear study by national experts on what future nuclear technologies should be developed. Analytical methods for the hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr include development, update, verification, documentation, and maintenance of all computer codes for htgr design and analysis. The reactor design pattern is an event handling pattern for handling service requests delivered concurrently to a service handler by one or more inputs. In searching for the optimum it is not just the cost of the reactor that must be minimized. The second was a failure of all forced circulation resulting. Kuijper iaea training course on hightemperature gascooled reactor technology serpong, indonesia, 1923 october 2015. Modular high temperature gas reactor russia general atomics design 290 mwe prismatic core excess weapons plutonium burner. The gfy 82 studies summarized in this report address design improvements and cost reductions for high temperature process heat systems selected in gfy 81. On august 21, the badan pengawas tenaga nuklir bapeten, which is the nuclear energy regulatory agency of indonesia through the directorate of nuclear installation and licensing permit dpibn, held a workshop entitled design and safety requirements for high temperature gascooled reactor htgr, in yogyakarta on the island of java. In this episode we take a look at the proper way to build a high temperature gas reactor or pebble bed. Triso fuel drives global development of advanced reactors posted on april 9, 2017 by djysrv the development of an advanced fuel is enabling the design and deployment of new high temperature gas cooled reactors worldwide. Modular high temperature gas cooled reactor safety design iaea.
The purpose of the study was to obtain the design parameters relationship of the annular, prismatic htgr with passive decay heat removal depending on power density profile and to compare them with those for solid cylinder one. Updated status on global smr development as of september 2014 reactor design. Pebble bed reactor design, classified as the high temperature gascooled reactor htgr, is currently being part of batan main program to promote nuclear energy by starting the experimental power. During the late 1980s, the modular htgr was considered by. Four of the seven plants constructed and operated used prismatic block fuel. Reactor design is a vital step in the overall design of a process. The reactor is a pebblebed, hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, a new design that is ostensibly safer but that researchers in the u. This paper presents selected nuclear, structural mechanics, seismic, and systems analytical methods related to the htgr core. The analysis and understanding of air ingress events are an important aspect of the design of hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr. Htgr technology course for the nuclear regulatory commission. The hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr is similar in concept to the agr. Development of hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, also known as very hightemperature gascooled reactor vhtr for its generation iv designs, has continued for over half a century. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect topics.
The peach bottom reactor in the united states was the first htgr to produce electricity, and did so very successfully, with operation from 1966 through 1974 as a technology demonstrator. Smr design, technology development and construction status in. Recent developments in advanced reactors in china, russia. Snptc has completed the installation of its hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr project, the joint venture told the international atomic.
I distinctively remember building a smaller htgr back in v24 with my according to reika improper design and it ran a turbine with no issues. Htgr accident analysis overview types of potential accidents and reactor response. Htgr reactor physics, thermalhydraulics and depletion. Htr50s is a small modular reactor system based on htgr. The types of reactors that can be modeled include batch reactors, continuous stirred tank reactors, plug flow reactors, plug flow reactors with axial dispersion, and tubular flow reactors with radial dispersion. A smallsized htgr system design for multiple heat applications. Modular htgr rccs key design considerations rccs maintains cavity wall and reactor vessel temperatures rccs heat removal rate is similar during normal operations and accidents rccs is a simple system, always passive under safetyrelated conditions variety of possible rccs configurations. The design parameters of a small hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr for passive decay heat removal and located either aboveground or underground have been studied in previous works. The reactor core is designed to generate 30 mw of thermal power and consists of an array of hexagonal graphite fuel assemblies socalled pininblock type fuelsee fig. Design of the turbomachine is a key element in the overall power plant program effort, which is currently directed toward the selection of a reference htgr gt commercial plant configuration for the us utility market. Nuclear engineering and design covers the wide range of disciplines involved in the engineering, design, safety and construction of nuclear fission reactors.
It is designed for a triad of applications to be implemented in successive stages. These materials would absorb moisture and other impurities when exposed to the environment, and these impurities especially moisture absorbed in the carbon material must be removed before the reactor operation to prevent corrosion reaction. The first was a rapid depressurization through a 100 square inch area, arbitrarily analogous to a large pipe break in a light water reactor. Reactor design lectures notes university of technology, iraq. Professor rudolf schulten in germany also played a role in development during the 1950s.
Reactor calculation using simulation software revised from senior project report by ryan p. Turbomachinery design considerations for the nuclear htgr. Investigating high temperature gascooled reactors for research applications emilia konert. Introduction the prototype htgr generates anywhere from 10 mw for an experimental device up to 600 mw per module for a multimodular power plant. High temperature reactor htr10 in china table 1, with design outlet. Influence of graphitization degree of nuclear graphite on. Safety features of high temperature gas cooled reactor. General atomics prismatic modular high temperature gas cooled reactor. Xenergy moves their xe100 advanced reactor into conceptual design. Ssr21, vienna, 2012, and the deterministic and riskinformed safety design standards under development. Triso fuel drives global development of advanced reactors. Reactor safety design 2014 2018 investigate modular htgr safety design criteria to assure that an acceptably broad spectrum of design and beyond design basis events are addressed in the international design and development community approach 1 limits scope to qualitative, functional statements of how top requirements. Rt tti d l d i i htgr reactor protection developed in previous htgr plants. Some questions about setting up a htgr from reactorcraft.
The design of a nuclear power plant needs to consider specific site characteristics, operational aspects and future decommissioning plans so as to achieve the highest levels of safety. Xe100 reactor and steam generator detail 17 reactor graphite reflector material iaw asme section iii, division 5 irradiation program at ornl underway reactor pressure vessel material component material bottom head, manway shell, crossover vessel sa508, grade 3, class 1 vessel flange, top head crdm housings sa508, grade 3, class 2. Gascooled reactors, high temperature gascooled reactors. Pbmr400 pebble bed htgr pebble bed modular reactor soc ltd, south africa. Dec 12, 20 the crp will investigate and make proposals on modular high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr safety design criteria.
The high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr is one of the six geniv designs which is conceived to produce electricity and provide high energy heat source for industrial applications. In many ways this book is a unique source of past experience, and hopefully, it will serve as an important part of. Doe as one of two possible reactor technologies for materials production goodjohn 1991. To determine the uncertainty in htgr calculations at all stages of coupled reactor physicsthermal hydraulics and depletion calculations. Reactor design and performance optimization studsvik scandpower sets the industry standard for incore fuel performance software with unparalleled accuracy, productionlevel run times, and easytouse input. A molten salt reactor msr is a class of nuclear fission reactor in which the primary nuclear reactor coolant andor the fuel is a molten salt mixture.
Hexagonal block fuel elements for the prismatic htgr design 6. Gas turbine power conversion systems for modular htgrs. At its heart, the schtgr uses a prismatic blocktype reactor core based on. In the eighties, two distinctive htgr design categories have emerged, one being the pebblebed type and the other the prismatic block type.