The fuel cell an energy conversion device that can efficiently capture and use the power of hydrogen is the key to making it happen. Fuel cells california state university, northridge. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often hydrogen and an oxidizing agent often oxygen into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells for education university of tennessee at.
Fuel cells and batteries are direct energy conversion cousins. The placement of the entire fuel cell system is intended to be above deck to minimize. Introduction to fuel cell systems and their associated hazards chapter 2. Different types of fuel cells work with different electrochemical reactions. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. The environment can greatly affect the cells longevity. Abstract modeling and control of fuel cell systems and fuel processors by jay tawee pukrushpan cochairs. A global reactor engineering approach is applied to pem fuel cells to identify the essential physics that govern the dynamics in pem fuel cells. Responding to the need for a definitive guide to the field, fuel cell science provides an uptodate, comprehensive compendium of both theoretical and experimental aspects of the field. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy from the methane in natural gas into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen fuel cells have no moving partsthey are quiet and reliable with durability of up to 20 years. As long as these substances are fed into the fuel cell, it will continue to generate electric power. The portable applications range in the power requirement from 25w to about 5 kw. Fuel cells can be divided into five major categories named after the electrolyte used in each. An overview of fuel cells currently under development.
Introduction to fuel cells scott a barnett, northwestern university motivations, applications, history fuel cell types electrochemical basics electrochemical kinetics. Pdf hydrogen fuel cells for portable applications researchgate. Safety fuel cells are out of sight so they tend to be forgotten. Fuel cells are mainly classified by the characteristics affecting their performance like the type of catalysts, electrolyte used, the fuel required and temperaturerange 1, 2. Shipway and itamar willner institute of chemistry and the farkas center for lightinduced processes, the hebrew university of jerusalem, jerusalem, 91904 israel 1 introduction during the 20th century, energy consumption increased dramatically and an unbalanced energy management exists. The third part is devoted to modeling of fuel cell systems and a thorough discussion of fuels, fuel processing and fuel storage, transmission, and distribution.
Raje n dran 1 1central electrochemical research institute, karaikudi 630 006, india 2solid state and structural chemistry unit, indian institute of science, banga lore 560 012, india one type of genuine fuel cell that does hold promise in. Certain advantages enjoyed by hydrogen fuel cells over battery. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen usually from air to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually comes. But the history of the fuel cells is more than the last 20 years. The european fuel cells forum efcf, founded by ulf bossel in 1994, is now continued by the european fuel cell forum ag. The five types resulted from the knowledge that heat accelerates chemical reaction rates and thus the electrical current. Comprising approximately 170 articles by more than 200 contributors, the handbook of fuel cells. Designing and building fuel cells colleen spiegelnew yorkchicago san francisco lisbon london madrid mexico city mila. Pdf this reference collates the data on what is feasible and realistic in modern fuel cell technology. Fundamentals, technology and applications, will be an invaluable source of reference for all those working directly in this important and dynamic field, for electrochemists, and for scientists, engineers and policymakers involved in the quest for. For transportation applications, the fuel cells subprogram is focused on direct hydrogen fuel cells, in which the hydrogen fuel is stored onboard and is supplied by a hydrogen production and fueling infrastructure.
Briefing papers for state policymakers fuel cell technology 1 technical background a fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel usually hydrogen derived from natural gas or biogas and an oxidant air or oxygen into electricity. Fuel cells have the advantages of high efficiency, low or even zero pollution, quiet operation, and fewer moving parts only pumps and fans to circulate coolant and reactant gases, respectively for greater reliability than internal combustion engines once fuel cell systems are welldeveloped. Reaction engineering of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel. The cells used in this project will use hydrogen as fuel and the storage was designed to hold enough hydrogen for two days at sea. Principles, design, and analysis considers the latest advances in fuel cell system development and deployment, and was written with engineering and science students in mind. Designing and building fuel cells pdf free download epdf. Fuel cells require relatively pure fuel, free of specific contaminants. The definition of portable fuel cells is not very precise. Review article biological fuel cells and their a p plications. Reaction engineering of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells a new approach to elucidate the operation and control of polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells is being developed. Labcell 200 alkaline availabl e in 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 cell stacks 0. The acquisition brings fuel cell stack technology and products inhouse which plug power plans to integrate into several models of its gendrive fuel cell systems with first deployments in 2014. However, it is not intended to cover all situations. Fuel cells is a concise, uptodate and accessible guide to the evolution of the use of electrochemistry to generate power.
A timely addition to the highly acclaimed fourvolume handbook set. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. This book provides readers with the fundamentals of fuel cell operation and design, and incorporates techniques and methods designed to analyze different fuel cell systems. The second part addresses the governing principles of fuel cells, electrocatalysis of fuel cell reactions and experimental techniques pertinent to fuel cell research and development. Fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs predominantly use pem fuel cells, offering high efficiency, high power density and coldstart capabilities. Fuel cell technologies office 4 transportation is responsible for 66% of u.
It is the responsibility of the customer to meet all local. The document is not a standard, but is a compendium of useful. Fuel cells have the potential of being able to achieve energy conversion efficiencies in the range of 2840%. The typical lifespan of a fuel cell is between 8 and10 years, although all sanctioning bodies limit use to 5 years from the date of manufacture. Since the publication of the first four volumes of the handbook of fuel cells in 2003, the focus of fuel cell research and development has shifted from optimizing fuel cell performance with well. The use of fuel cells in these machines involves a reduction in the cost of logistics, since hardly any maintenance or replacement is needed. Chapter 21 biochemical fuel cells eugenii katz, andrew n. One electrode called the anode facilitates electrochemical oxidation of fuel, while the other called the cathode promotes. The mechanisms of the fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction. A general definition is that portable fcs encompass those fcs designed to be moved, including auxiliary power units apu of lower power. Nevertheless, with fuel cell technology, no one can rest on their laurels, and the last few years have seen rapid developments in the. Fuel cell technology for ferries 1 fuel cell technology for ferries. Fuel cells by vijay ramani fuel cells are electrochemical devices that directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy. The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system.
Furthermore, due to constant stops and starts, there are many failures and interruptions when using a standard engine. David thompsett fuel cells continue to be heralded as the energy source of the future, and every year an immense amount of research time and money is devoted making them more economically and technically viable. Fuel cells have been started to be used in electrical conveyor machinery and forklifts. These contaminants include sulfur and carbon compounds, and residual liquid fuels depending on the type of fuel cell that can deactivate the fuel cell catahydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. The author provides a comprehensive exploration of the history of fuel cells, the environmental concerns which came into prominence in the 1980s and the economic factors associated with this method of power generation. Introduction to fuel cells fhiseminar december 14, 2004 timo jacob 1.
Assistance in the use of adobe acrobat pdf files is available on our faqs page. They consist of an electrolyte medium sandwiched between two electrodes fig. With more than 12 000 vessels along the coast, the domestic ship traffic accounts for about 10% of the co2 and close to 40% of the noxemissions in norway. Further, the paper looks to introduce both the technical and economic issues facing the introduction of this technology. Guidance for hydrogen and fuel cell stationary applications. Hydrogen energy conversion, volume three is the third part of a four volume series and focuses on the methods of converting stored hydrogen into useful energy. Ogden stated that practical fuel cells2 are up to 60% fig. These fc applications are mostly not driven by energy. Fuel cells continue to be heralded as the energy source of the future, and every year an immense amount of research time and money is devoted making them more economically and technically viable.
Department of energy hydrogen and fuel cell overview. A fuel cell is defined as an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy and heat as long as reactants are supplied to its electrodes. Many of these operational characteristics of fuel cell systems are superior to those of conventional power generators. Now that would be an interesting alternative to the internal combustion engines we now use in our cars.
Fuel cell science is undergoing significant development, thanks, in part, to a spectacular evolution of the electrocatalysis concepts, and both new theoretical and experimental methods. The mechanisms of the fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction on pt and other 8 11 column metal surfaces. Guidance for hydrogen and fuel cell stationary applications hse. Do not touch fuel cells, cell voltage monitoring equipment or electrical components. Fuel cell technologies program fuel cells hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier that can be used to power nearly every enduse energy need. Pdf this chapter is dedicated to the unique fuel cell using a molten salt. Rr715 installation permitting guidance for hydrogen and fuel cell. Covering all relevant disciplines from science to engineering to policy, it is an exceptional resource for anyone with an invested interest in the field.